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This paper calculates the CO2 equivalents footprint of private consumption in the India by five groups of household income, using a fully fledged macroeconomic input-output model covering 59 industries and five groups of household income for the India. Due to macroeconomic feedback mechanisms, this methodology not only takes into account intermediate demand induced by the demand of a household group, but also: (i) private consumption induced in the other household groups, (ii) impacts on other endogenous final demand components, and (iii) negative feedback effects due to output price effects of household demand. Direct household emissions from household energy consumption are taken into account in a non-linear specification. Emissions embodied in imports are calculated using the results of a static MRIO (Multi-Regional Input-Output) model. The footprint is calculated separately for the consumption vector of each of the five income groups. The simulation results yield an income elasticity of direct and indirect emissions at each income level that takes all macroeconomic feedbacks of consumption into account and differs from the ceteris paribus emission elasticity in the literature. The results further reveal that a small structural ‘Kuznet effect’ exists.

Keywords:Carbon footprint, Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modeling, Income distribution, India.

JEL Codes: C67, Q52, Q54

Manoj Kumar (2022). A New Static Multi-Regional Input Output Model for Household Behavior of India. Journal of Applied Development Economics. 1(2): pp. 59-91.

The significance, nature and direction of the effect of inflation on economic growth and macroeconomic stability are contentious both in theory and empirical analysis. This paper examines the causal relationship between inflation and macroeconomic variables - interest rate, exchange rate, money supply, GDP and fiscal deficit - in India over the period 1986 to 2020 applying the vector correction (VECM) estimation method. The macro variables are stationary at first difference and a cointegrating and causal relationship exists between the wholesale price index and interest rate, exchange rate, GDP, broad money and gross fiscal deficit. The VECM estimates reveal that money supply and GDP are the most important macro variables in explaining the variation in inflation. The estimated error correction term shows that the shortrun disequilibrium is corrected by about 20% every period towards the long-run equilibrium. The impulse response results show that inflation responds positively to the money supply from the start to the 9th period. To promote economic growth and keep inflation low, money supply and budget deficits need to be rationalised.

Keywords: GDP, inflation, interest rate, exchange rate, money supply, fiscal deficit, VECM estimation

T. Lakshmanasamy (2022). The Causal Relationship between Inflation and Macroeconomics in India Vector Error Correction Estimation. Journal of Applied Development Economics. 1(2): pp. 93-114.

Petroleum products become one of the essential and necessary products in every individual’s day to day life.Due to volatile in prices of petroleum products cause continuous increase in the prices of other products and increase in the cost of automobile users.Petroleum products are essential one to run over automobiles industries and make the products to move one place to another place for consumption purpose and people to move freely without much cost.So,government should take appropriate measures to control the prices of petroleum products without much fluctuations.

Keywords: GST,Petroleum products,indirect taxation, exemption and legislature.

T. Ponshunmugaraja (2022). A Study on Impact of Exemption of GST on Petroleum Products in Chennai of Tamilnadu. Journal of Applied Development Economics. 1(2): pp. 115-125.

Human demands in the ever-growing world population are surpassing the planet’s capacity to support us. For this reason, it is crucial that businesses, industries and governments attempt wholeheartedly to adopt sustainable development practices. “Sustainable development was first discussed in the 1960s with the advent of the green movement and the term came into common parlance with the publication of the report by the World Commission on Environment and Development entitled Our Common Future. It was given further recognition with the United Nations’ sponsored conference on the environment held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The meaning, based on the Bruntland report, is ‘development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable tourism development thus simply limits the meaning to those particular elements associated with tourism. Tourism is the second largest industry in India. Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world. The impacts of tourism extremely varied with both positive and negative. This has led to a greater focus on sustainable tourism development.

Keywords: Sustainable Development, Sustainable Tourism

Abu Shama Ahmed (2022). Sustainable Tourism Development in India: A Study. Journal of Applied Development Economics. 1(2): pp. 127-136.